Everlasting controversy between religious and atheist worldviews is breaking out again at the current post-secular stage of Russian society. The contest of religious and atheist values is tightly connected with present-day political, social and cultural contradictions and conflicts. Which are the possible position and role of science here that mainly determines the image of the present-day world? 

 The author suggests one of the possible variants of analyzing relations, interactions and heuristic opportunities of religion, atheism and science as forms of social consciousness. Whether science is close to atheism by its nature and is it really opposing to religion as it is often viewed? What are the grounds of scientific and atheist worldviews being made close? Whether science can be not only an ally of atheism but organic continuation of religious ideas as well? How do scientific and anti-scientific social and cultural orientations correlate with religious and atheist worldviews? Whether atheism can be characterized as a more rational worldview compared to religious one? How can religious irrationalism be quite rational whereas atheistic rationalism akin, at first view, to science appears to be a fundamental logic contradiction? 

The presented article attempts to look at these matters from a new angle, to find possible answers and make clearer complicated problems of interaction of religion, atheism and science in humanity’s spiritual culture.